Inclusive Voter Education through Adult and Non-Formal Education: Addressing Obstacles to Nigeria’s Electoral Process
1Muhammad, Musa Usman
Department of Educational Foundations, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria
2Faruk Usman Binji
Department of Educational Foundations, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Abstract
This paper is a discussion on the need for addressing vote buying as an obstacle to electoral process in Nigeria through inclusive non-formal voter education. The study was necessitated by observing the rate of money politics scourge played by Nigerian adults and politicians and how the problem is affecting developmental decision and policy making in Nigerian. Vis-à-vis efforts made by the electoral authorities and security agencies to eliminate the menace, but the challenge is still persisting in the polity taking different dimensions. Education in form of adult education or any kind of enlightenment directly or indirectly to change adult voter perception or attitude by a professional adult and non-formal education expert in support of credible, free and fair electoral process could be defined as voter education. This is a specialized responsibility of professional adult and non-formal educators, because changing adult attitude requires professionalism. The paper reviewed the concept ofvoter education, adult education, vote buying, inclusive voter education, mechanisms for inclusive voter education and other key aspects of voter education. It was concluded that, inclusive voter education should be organized and implemented in collaboration with professional adult educators to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. The study also recommended that, INEC should collaborate with adult and non-formal education professionals to regularly educate voters i.e. voter education should not be during elections only but frequently and effectively and less emphasis shall be given to media and other indirect means of voter education but face to face education.
Keywords
Inclusive Voter, Adult, and Non-formal Education, in Electoral Process
Reference
Alan, R. (2007). Non-Formal Education: Flexible Schooling or Participatory Education? Research Gate.www.researchgate.net.publication
Al–Shammari, Z., Paula E. F. & Chris, F. (2019), Education Quarterly Reviews. Theories-based Inclusive Education Practices. Education Quarterly Reviews, 2 (2): Education Quarterly Reviews. DOI: 10.31014/aior.1993.02.02.73
Belanger, P. (2011). Theories in Adult Learning and Education. Barbara Budrich Publishers.
Center for Civic Education (1994). National Standards for Civics and Government. National Standards. www.civiced.org.resource-materials
Cox, G. W. & Thies, M. F. (1990). How Much Does Money Matter? “Buying ” Votes in Japan, 1967-1990. Comparative Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414000033001002
European Union (2021) Improving Voter Education to Increase Voter Turnout in Nigerian Elections. Paper presented a Workshop to Support to Democratic Governance. European Union.https://www.wfd.org/2021/02/10/improving-voter-education-to-increase-voter-turnout-in-nigerian-elections/
Graham, P. (2006). The Civic and Voter Education.https://aceproject.org/ace- en/topics/ve/onePage.
Lenjani, I. (2016). Constructivism and Behaviorism Methodologies on Special Needs Education. European Journal of Special Education Research, 1(1): 17–24. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.2769586.
Namibia Institute for Democracy, (2007). Democracy and You: A Guide to Better Understanding. NID. www..nid.org.na.human rights.
Onuoha, F. & Ojo, J. (2018). Practice and Periels of Vote Buying in Nigeria’s Recent Elections. https://www.accord.org.za/conflict-trends/practice-and-perils-of-vote-buying-in-nigerias-recent-elections/
Quora.com (2020). What does ‘address an issue’ mean? Retrieved from https://www.quora.com › What-does-address-an-issue-mean.
Strom, M. L. (1996). Citizenship and Democracy. Idasa Publishers.
Schaffer, F. (2002). ‘What is Vote Buying?‘, paper presented at Trading Political Rights: The Comparative Politics of Vote Buying, international conference, Center for International Studies, MIT, Cambridge.
Schaffer, F. C. (2008). Clean Elections and the Great Unwashed Vote Buying and Voter EducationPhilippines.https://doi=10.1.1.520.359&rank=1&q=great%20unwashed%20vote%20buying&osm=&ossid=
Shi, J. (2013). The application of constructivism: Activities for enlivening comprehensive English class. English language Teaching, 6 (2): 63–70. doi:10.5539/elt.v6n2p63
United Nations Development Programme, (UNDP) (2006). The Civic and Voter Education. UNDP. www.undp.or-KHM-00042006
Wikipedia, (2021). Challenging Behaviour. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org.wiki.challenging